![]() In 1930, the pro-Soviet regime discarded the state's Mongol script in favor of a Latin alphabet designed for Tuva by Russian linguists. This unsettled the Soviet Union, which orchestrated a coup carried out in 1929 by five young Tuvan graduates of Moscow's Communist University of the Toilers of the East. The state's ruler, Chairman Donduk Kuular, sought to strengthen ties with Mongolia and establish Buddhism as the state religion. The Tuvan People's Republic was de jure an independent state between the World Wars. In 1926, the capital (Belotsarsk Khem-Beldyr since 1918) was renamed Kyzyl, meaning "red". On 14 August 1921, the Bolsheviks established the Tuvan People's Republic, popularly called Tannu-Tuva. įrom July 1919 to February 1920, the communist Red Army controlled Tuva but from 19 February 1920 to June 1921 it was occupied by China (governor was Yan Shichao ). In the autumn of 1918, the southwestern part was occupied by Chinese troops and the southern part by Mongol troops led by Khatanbaatar Magsarjav. Pyotr Ivanovich Turchaninov was named governor of the territory. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917 that ended the imperial autocracy, most of Tuva was occupied from 5 July 1918 to 15 July 1919 by Alexander Kolchak's White Russian troops. ![]() Meanwhile, in 1911, Mongolia became independent, though under Russian protection. ![]() Ī Tuvan capital was established, called Belotsarsk (Белоца́рск literally, "(Town) of the White Tsar"). Tuva became nominally independent as the Uryankhay Republic before being turned into a Russian protectorate as Uryankhay Krai under Tsar Nicholas II, on 17 April 1914. ![]() Some Russians, such as merchants, travellers, and explorers, had already settled in Tuva at that time. Tsar Nicholas II agreed to the third petition by Tuva's leadership in 1912, establishing a protectorate over the then-independent state. During the Xinhai Revolution in China, Tsarist Russia formed a separatist movement among the Tuvans while there were also pro-independence and pro-Mongol groups. įrom 1758 to 1911, Tuva was part of China's Qing dynasty and administered by Outer Mongolia. Medieval Mongol tribes, including Oirats and Tumeds, inhabited areas which are now part of the Tuvan republic. The territory of Tuva has been controlled by the Xiongnu Empire (209 BC – 93 AD) and the Xianbei state (93–234), Rouran Khaganate (330–555), the Yenisei Kyrgyz (7th – 13th century), Mongol Empire (1206–1271), Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1691), Khotgoid Khanate and Zunghar Khanate (1634–1758). Tuva is governed by the Great Khural, which elects a chairman to four-year terms. A majority of the population are ethnic Tuvans who speak Tuvan as their native tongue, while Russian is spoken natively by the Russian minority both are official and widely understood in the republic. It was known officially as Tannu Tuva until 1926 and thereafter as the Tuvan People's Republic. Its capital is the city of Kyzyl.įrom 1921 to 1944, Tuva constituted a sovereign, independent, but partially recognized nation, acknowledged only by its neighbors the Soviet Union and Mongolia. In the 2010 Russian census, the territory claimed a population of 307,930 ( 2010 census). The region is also claimed by the Taiwanese political party, the Kuomintang as part of the Republic of China. The republic borders the Altai Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and the Republic of Buryatia in Russia and Mongolia to the south. The Tuvan republic lies at the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. Tuva ( / ˈ t uː v ə/ Russian: Тува́) or Tyva ( Tuvan: Тыва), officially the Republic of Tuva ( Russian: Респу́блика Тыва́ Tuvan: Тыва Республика, romanized: Tyva Respublika ), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic, also defined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation as a state).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |